20 Exemplification Essay Topics on Myths and Religion

20 Exemplification Essay Topics on Myths and Religion Myths are a part of the human cultural fabric due to their place through the years in helping man understand his environment as well as his place in it. Therefore, we have myths in science, in philosophy, psychology and religion - which is the topic special emphasis will be placed on today. Myths have been an important part of how human cultures have viewed religion, the creation story and the moral fabric of human society. Therefore before going further to providing exemplification essay topics of its role in religion, having a clear understanding of what both terms mean and how they interrelate is important to the development of this article. The term ‘myths’ has been described or defined in numerous ways but for the purpose of its relation to religion, the definition of myths been ideologies or credos which can be illustrated by stories but do not have their roots in the defining stories, will serve as the perfect description of mythology. Religion on the other hand consists of a set of beliefs, actions and rituals employed in the worship of a divine being. And in most cases, the set of beliefs and rituals are a proponent of one myth or the other. Finally, for those writing myths and religion, here are exemplification essay topics you can choose from that we believe will simplify the task of writing on this subject matter. Also note that an exemplification essay will be included at the end to provide you with important directions to take when drafting yours: Myth, Ritual and Religion The Role Myths Play in the Origin of the World Myths and Understanding the Concepts of Afterlife The Creation Story and Its Mythical Influences The Parallels Between Ancient Rituals and Modern Religion Pagan Myths and the Origins of Hell Belief in a Trinity and its Mythical Components The Impact of Ancient Mythology on Modern Religion Mythical Rituals and Symbols in Ancient Greek Beliefs The Function of Mythology and Religion in Ancient Societies Spiritual Stories, Myths and Legends in Religion The Importance of Myths in Ancient and Modern World Bible Myths and their Parallels in Other Religions Trees in Mythology, Legend, Symbolism and Religion Flood Myths in the Religions of the Ancient World The Importance of Understanding Mythology and its Religious Undertones Understanding the Difference Between Myth and Religion Sacred Myths: The Stories of the World’s Religions The Ancient Beginnings of the Virgin Birth Myth The Resurrection Myth and its Effect on Religion These are 20 exemplification essay topics you can choose from when given the academic task of writing on myths and religion. With little research, these interesting topics which deal with the origin and history of most of the world’s religion can be worked on by you. To further simplify your task, here is a sample essay on one of the topics listed above. Sample Exemplification Essay: The Impact of Ancient Mythology on Modern Religions The first human society developed in ancient times, the Sumerians, has been credited with starting civilization by creating urban societies at that time for human habitation. To ensure a peaceful lifestyle, the Sumer people created a set of rules and beliefs which turned into the local religion of the times to govern the moral fabric of the society. And as with most ancient religions, the set of beliefs which the Sumerians turned to were from old tales that were handed down from generation to generation through oral communication. These old tales are collectively known as Myths and this essay will be discussing the integration of myths into today’s popular religious beliefs. The three major religions of the modern world- Judaism, Christianity and Islam- all have similar beliefs concerning the creation story due to the fact that they all branched out from the Abrahamic faith. Proponents of these religion believe that the earth and its surrounding environment were called out of nothing by a supreme being but this belief system which was also orally passed down has been explored by even older religions and their myths. An example of similar creation myths that predated the above religions include the Sumerian belief of the world being created by Nippur, Enki and Enlil from nothingness. Also, in ancient Egypt, the Egyptians believed in the creation of the world from nothingness by the Ogdoads- a set of ancient Egyptian gods. These myths which were passed around for millenniums were finally put to words by both cultures in their respective times thereby leading to future discovery in modern times. A study of the creation belief of the Abrahamic religion shows some element quite similar to the mythological tales of the Sumerian and Egyptian religions. In the case of the Abrahamic belief system, a divine being had created the world out of nothing- either by himself or in company with other deities- from darkness and nothingness to light and form. Another instance is the belief in the trinity particular to some Christian sects. Here, it is believed that the divine creator consists of three co-equal gods in one central Supreme Being. This belief also stems from ancient mythology that predates Christianity by thousands of years such as in Babylon, where its priests taught about the trinity of gods- Baal, Ashtoreth and Tammuz- as coequal gods in one divine being. Also in ancient Rome, this belief was also well known and has been attributed as the inspiration behind the Christian trinity. In many instances, it can be shown that ancient story telling techniques which included embellishments by the story teller were used as a means of transferring religion from one era to the other. In some cases, these stories became over-embellished as they were retold thereby becoming so fantastical they were categorized as myths and in time, these myths found their way into religion as we know it today. Here we come to the end of this sample exemplification essay topic on myth and religion and we do hope it provided you with some insight on how to kick start your project. Don’t forget to also visit our 10 facts on Sumerian culture. Lastly, anyone looking for a set of guidelines on essay writing should also endeavour to read the last piece in this series on writing an exemplification essay. References: Turville-Petre, E. (1964). Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia, 55. Wikipedia.com. (2014). Triple Deity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_deity Charles, T. (2013). The Myth of the Holy Trinity. http://submission.org/Myth_of_Trinity.html William, H. (2005).  Classical Mythology: A Guide to the Mythical World of the Greeks and Romans, 306. http://books.google.com/books?id=_s8nSgrD0jkCpg=PA306dq=%22structures+reflecting+the+number+three%22lr=as_drrb_is=qas_minm_is=1as_miny_is=2009as_maxm_is=12as_maxy_is=2009as_brr=0as_pt=ALLTYPES West, L. (2007)  Indo-European Poetry and Myth. Oxford University Press, 140-1, 379-385. Hawting, R. (1999)  The Idea of Idolatry and the Emergence of Islam: From Polemic to History, 130-132. Leiren, I. (1999).  From Pagan to Christian: The Story in the 12th-Century Tapestry of the Skog Church. http://faculty.washington.edu/leiren/vikings2.html

Tourism Growth Essay

Tourism Growth Essay Tourism Growth Essay What are the factors currently limiting the country’s tourism growth? A person travelling to other countries for business purposes, recreations and leisure is simply known as tourist. The amount of tourist entering into the country is known as tourist flow and the number of percentage increase is known as tourism growth. Tourism growth varies from seasons to seasons as there are off seasons and also depending on those countries that one is visiting. Like every countries, there are always factors limiting the country’s tourism growth like climate, political stability and personal preference. 1) Hurricane Season In every country’s tourism board, their mission is to increase customers’ satisfaction, safety and comfort. Due to all these factors, the climate change plays a major impact on tourism growth. Beachside is one of the coastal features and attraction that significantly contributed to the physical, social and economic development of Antigua and Barbuda. Annually, during June to November it have been reported that six tropical storms, ten hurricanes and four tropical depressions occurred from the year between 1996 and 2001. Regardless of the land-situated miles away, whether depression, hurricanes or storms, they can affect wave motions in Antigua and Barbuda. Due to this fact, tourists have been constantly avoiding to travel to beachside at these periods of time. (unesco.org, 2003) 2) Crime Rates Crimes like violence, raping, murdering, and assaulting in Antigua and Barbuda have been constantly rising and occurring. Antigua and Barbuda was known as a tropical country with peace. During the period from 2008 to early January 2011, it have been reported that five tourists have been murdered. (WorldNormads.com, 2010) Furthermore, ever since the incident of British couple being shot with a gun, it had highlighted the crime rates of the country. In the year of 2008, it have been reported in the news that with the population of 80,000 people, murder rate have been three times more as compared to New York city. (The telegraph, 2008) 3) Personal Preference The role of personal preference refers to personal character. It consists of age, occupation, life cycle stage, economic situation and lifestyle consisting of individual’s pattern of living which can be expressed in difference in individual interests, opinions and activities that one would like to be engaged in. This data gives a brief analysis on trip purpose on which what a traveller is looking for during their trip, expectations and experiences. 4) Global Economical Crisis As the global financial crisis that began since 2008, the Caribbean Basin has been decrease slightly in visitation due to high unemployment rate especially in major market such as the United States (Kindred, 2012). Due to the high pressure on the economy people prefer to stay at home rather than going overseas with tight budget. Also as mentioned in previous section, two British tourist was shot dead and nearly half of them are not planning to come within next year and they would stay closer to their home (Simpson, 2009). Not only in Antigua, Barbuda, in Caribbean, according to the World Travel and Tourism Council, nearly 5 percent was dropped for global travel in 2009 (Math, 2012) in such struggling economic situation but also they are expecting the economy will bounce back as well as the tourism industry. 5) The Increase of Flight Taxes According to BBC (2012), â€Å"The Caribbean is the most tourism-dependent region in the world – but a big drop in visitor numbers is being blamed on Britain’s air passenger duty†.

Quantitative Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Quantitative Research - Essay Example A sample will be drawn from a population of breastfeeding mothers. The breastfeeding mothers will form the population group and will be divided into non-overlapping groups and then simple random samples will be picked from each group and the samples will be the experimental groups. One sample will not be allowed to breastfeed their children and will form the control group. Different groups will be required to breastfeed their children for a certain period of time different from the other group while other groups will be allowed to feed their children with formulas of intact cows milk or soy protein for the same periods of time. Different measurements will be undertaken before the onset of the study. Clinical tests will be carried out at different times and the readings of the experimental groups and those of the control group will be compared. During the study, censoring of participants will be allowed in case of death or willingness to terminate participation. Compared results will be the summarized to determine whether the hypothesis is true or not. The dependent variable in this study will be the incidence rate of getting asthma while the independent variables will be, age, duration of breastfeeding, gender, kind of feeding (breastfeeding or formulas of intact cows milk or soy protein). However, the dependent variables may be many depending on the kind of measurement intended. This can be measured depending on the type of variable if it will be continuous (age, duration of breastfeeding etc.), categorical (type of feed), ordinal (incidence rate) or nominal (gender). A sample will be drawn from a population of breastfeeding mothers which will be the sampling frame. The breastfeeding mothers will form the population group and will be divided into non-overlapping groups (strata) and then simple random samples will be picked from each group (stratum) and the samples will be the experimental groups. One sample

SWOT Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

SWOT - Case Study Example Strengths-The brand is extremely innovative and focuses on perfection especially the shape of the woman’s body. The brand also has a strong heritage and produces high quality apparel made to measure. In addition, the brand has special recognition for evening wear. Weaknesses-The brand is yet to establish itself in the lucrative, emerging and growing Asian Luxury Market which is capable of generating enormous luxury revenues. The company also has weakly participated in E-commerce. Opportunities-The brand should create more presence in E-commerce. There is also a lot of potential in venturing in low awareness market. The company should also start v venturing in mosaic bags also can be can be a big opportunity for the brand since its more affordable in comparison with its competitors. The Vionnet icon bag can be used in 3 ways and is really convenient to be used and carried by consumers. Threats- Some of the threats include the ever-increasing competition in the market. The current trends are mixing luxury and affordability. Many luxury players released more afforded clothing and products to the main part of luxury customers. Paris competitor in the same area includes Alaia, Chanel, Chloe, Dior, Ely Saab, Valentino, Lanvin, and GiambattistaValli. The current strategies used by competitors include product differentiation, and degrees of price differentiation. This would be essential in making sure different and ever-changing customer demands get satisfied as a result also, they provide very high-quality customer services and offer an ultimate luxurious shopping experiences. Also, higher presence in e-commerce. The weakness is counterfeits products and copied by other fashion companies. Since Vionnet are sold in Multiband stores, Department stores, Mono-brand store should be included. Online Luxury Shopping websites: Luisaviaroma, stylebook, modaoperandi, Net-a-porter, it’s smart to distribution their products in the multi-brands, since it’s low cost

Summary chapter 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary chapter 7 - Essay Example Schloss and Schmidt (2006) stress that special education is a collaborative process and the consultant teacher plays a crucial role in it. The consulting teacher provides services to both secondary teachers as well as their students. Key elements of effective collaboration are willing participants, understanding roles of the two teachers, agreement on goals, sharing responsibility for the student’s problem, sharing responsibility for success (failure) of the intervention developed. The authors identify a number of advantages of using the consulting teacher and some of these benefits include increased level of students, efficient teamwork, reduction of costs of special education. Exposing nondisabled students to collaborating with disabled learners has a positive impact on both parties as students acquire the necessary communicative skills. Schloss and Schmidt (2006) note that it is possible to develop an effective consultant teacher program by considering characteristics of the consultant teacher, responsibilities of consultants, gaining acceptance. The consultant teacher’s responsibilities include identification of the problem behavior, establishing objectives, designing the program, developing an evaluation plan, provision of in-service training, implementation and monitoring of the program, termination of the program, dissemination of results. It is also noted that resource rooms may be a good alternative to the secondary setting. Schloss, M.A., & Schmidt, R.J. (2006). Collaboration and the role of the consultant teacher. In P.J. Schloss, M.A. Schloss, & C.N. Schloss (Eds.), Instructional methods for secondary students with learning behaviour problems (pp. 176-193). New York, NY:

The Performance Appraisal Process Management Essay

The Performance Appraisal Process Management Essay The essence of the concept of the HRM is that people working in the organization are viewed as a valuable resource. If these people are managed properly, they can boost productivity through commitment and capability. HRM lays emphasis on the importance of integrating personnel functions (recruitment, selection, appraisal, reward, development, industrial relations, grievance and discipline, retirement, redundancy, dismissal) into the overall strategic management of the organization. All organizations evaluate the performance of their employees to find out their relative worth for the job they are doing. Performance is being related to the productivity, it is crucial for the organization to achieve its goals and objectives. Effective performance for the organization means that output can be maintained with fewer numbers of employees. Performing effectively is also of crucial importance to the employee because organizations can no longer tolerate poor performance, they (employees) are m ore likely to be dismissed. The effective management performance, therefore, is not only vital for the long-term survival of the organizations but is also a moral obligation on the employees. Performance appraisal is considered as the systematic evaluation of individuals to their performance on the job and their potentials for development (Dale S. Beach, 1980: 290). Wendell French has defined performance appraisal as a systematic and periodic assessment of how employees are doing their jobs in relation to established norms and the communication of that kind of assessment to employees. It is a process of evaluation an employees job performance with respect to its requirements. A systematic performance appraisal provides information for making decisions about various issues such as promotions, pay increases, layoffs, training and development and transfers. It is managements powerful tool in controlling human resource and productivity. Managers can improve an employees job performance through clarifying expectations and evaluating performance. Employees also, in general, prefer having some kind of appraisal to develop an appropriate vision of their own effectiveness and opportunities (Wood, 1988). Formal performance appraisal can meet the three needs, one of the organization and the other two of the individuals within the organization: It provides systematic judgments to back up salary increase, transfer, demotion or termination. It is the means of communicating to subordinates the behavior, attitudes, skills or job knowledge and let him know where he stands. It is used as a base for coaching and counseling the individual by his superior. The effective management of performance is not only vital for the survival of the organization but is also in the best interest of the employees. The underlying assumption of performance management is that the individual employees can satisfy their needs and objectives by contributing to the attainment of the organizations objectives. This may result in employees motivation and greater job-satisfaction which is at the core of HRM (Foot and Hook 2008). The performance appraisal process generally consists of the following six steps as depicted in Figure 1 (Decenzo and Robbins, 1998). Figure 1. The Performance Appraisal Process Establishment of performance standards Communicate the performance expectations to employees Measure actual amount of performance Compare the actual performance with standards Discuss appraisal with the employee If necessary, take corrective action Performance appraisal begins with the establishment of clear and objective standards of performance evolved out of job analysis and job description. These standards need to be communicated to the employees. Subordinates have to receive and understand the information properly. The third step is the measurement of the actual performance. For this, four measures can be utilized by managers, namely, personal observation, satisfied reports, oval reports and written reports. The fourth step is the comparing of the actual performance with standards. If any deviations are found between standards and actual performance, the manager may proceed to the fifth step to discuss the appraisal with the employees. Final step of appraisal is taking corrective action when it requires The objectives of performance appraisal can be classified by different ways but according to (Harrison, 1995) to the objectives of performance appraisal are i. administrative: which determine orderly way of promotion, transfers and increase of payment. ii. Informative: supplying the relevant data to management team according to performance of subordinates and weakness and strengths of individual. iii. Motivational: create good environment to employee which motivate staff to develop themselves and to improve their performance According to (Randell, et al. 1972) the main purpose of staff appraisal is to evaluate, auditing, constructing succession plans, motivating staff, developing individuals and checking. Similarly according to (Lefton, 1997 ) performance appraisal can be defined by mainly four characteristics a. its formal b. it tries to find out why and how a subordinates is doing the job c. it tries to explore how subordinate can do better way in a job d.it always tries to produce benefits for subordinate, the organization and the superior. Performance evaluation systems in Nepalese organizations are mandatory. The results of performance appraisal are not used in terms of career development, reward management and employee training and development. The results are mostly used to decide whether to promote employees or not (Adhikari, 2006). The main purpose of performance evaluation in government and public enterprises is the promotion of employees. It is not used for performance feedback to employees, reward management and identifying the needs of training and development. In civil service, 40 percent of performance appraisal is confidential and thus non transparent to employee (Agrawal, 2001). Three different approaches exist for doing appraisals. Employees can be appraised against (i) absolute standards, (ii) relative standards, or (iii) objectives (MBO). However, no one approach is always best. Absolute standards are individual oriented whereas relative standards rank individuals. Management by objectives facilitates continuous improvement of performance results. Most of the private sector enterprises in Nepal lack systematic performance appraisal system. Personal judgment and subjective assessment of owner-manager serves as the key criteria for performance appraisal (Agrawal, 1982). Formal and systematic performance appraisal system was non-existent in tea industry of Nepal. Promotion is the vertical movement of an individual in an organizations hierarchy, enhanced status, accompanied by increased responsibilities, and usually with increased income, though it is not always so (Monappa and Engineer, 1999). It is the advancement of an employee to a higher job-rank in the organizational hierarchy accompanied by a pay rise (Pigors and Myers, 1981: 303). Employees consider their ultimate success of their career and performance in terms of the number and frequency of promotion they get during their service. Yoder et al observed that promotion gives incentive to initiative, ambition and enterprise, unrest and minimizes discontent, attracts capable personalities, appropriate logical training of advancement, and forms and effective reward for cooperation and loyalty, long term service, etc. (Yoder,1979). It increases satisfaction in the employees that their talents and capabilities are being recognized. In turn, they trust the organization and devote for the acco mplishment of organizational goals and objectives. In Nepal, the Civil Service Act was promulgated in 1956 which stated that promotion should be given to civil service personnel on the basis of work efficiency (Civil Service rule, 1993). Many changes have been done in the promotion system of the employee in the government organization since that time. The Administrative Reform Commission formed under the chairmanship of Mr. Vedananda Jha suggested that the promotion criteria for civil service personnel should include (a) seniority, (b) experience, (c) academic qualification and training, and (d) departmental performance report including co-operative attitude. Another Administration Reform Commission formed under the chairmanship of Mr. B.B. Thapa noted as promotion occupied special importance in the career development of employees, so capability to hold higher promotion and the capacity to perform the work satisfactory in the present position were the main criteria of promotion (Government of Nepal, 1996, Report of Commission). Amend ments were done in the Civil Service Rules in 1978 and 1983. Similarly the Administrative Reform Committee formed under the chairmanship of the then prime-minister Mr. G.P. Koirala in 1991 emphasized performance oriented promotion system. The new Civil Service Act, 1993 laid stress on performance ability with criteria such as past performance, seniority, work experience of remote area, and academic qualification. Similarly, the comparative weight-ages of promotion criteria of civil service employees were changed after 1992. NASCs study on promotion system of civil services stated that there was lack of clarity in its purpose and no consistency in the average promotion period between level and services. The risk of subjectivity in merit rating was a major apprehension in the minds of civil servants for giving more weight to merit rating. Even the performance evaluators views were in favor of no link of the promotion with the performance. Basic perquisites for sound performance appraisal practices, such as clear organizational and sectional objectives, individual job descriptions, adequate and reliable information system etc. were not properly provided in the civil service. Majorities were in favor of number allotting 50 percent of seats to the promotion by competitive examination as compared to the exiting 25 percent, in some cases even less. Williams (1972) ascertained that managers lacked adequate means or determination to control the motivation and productivity of their workforce. Job description, performance appraisal and output indicators were non-existent; rewards and sanctions were irrationally applied; salaries were not genuinely related to knowledge and or effort requirements; offices had inadequate facilities; poor co-operation and limited delegation. The top of the decision making level was congested by trivialities while middle-level staff were in a soporific frenzy over the responsibilities for complex planning and fiscal matter. The review presented above fairly indicates that the limited attempts have been made to study personnel / HR management practices in public and private enterprises of Nepal. Those studies have shed light on some aspects of personnel / HR management, however, the concluding remark indicates that personnel /HR management in the past remained neglected areas of management. This review also indicates that no systematic attempts have been made to study HRM practices in tea industry of Nepal. This knowledge gap has called for a systematic study which could bridge up such a gap. The present study is an attempt in that direction. Tea industry which is leading position in the national economy is growing extensively mainly in the eastern region of Nepal. It is, being one of the most labor intensive, agro-based industries; it involves a great deal of workforce, which provides direct employment to about 41000 workforces. After the privatization of Nepal Tea Development Corporation in 2000, the change in ownership is also accompanied by deep changes in organizational procedures and culture that could have a profound effect on enterprise behavior and performance (Manandhar, 1998). There have been only a few research studies in the field of human resource management in private enterprises of Nepal. And there has not yet been any specific research conducted in HRM in tea industry of Nepal. So, in view of the poor research-based on HRM and the lack of knowledge existing in this field, the research work is virtually called for the streamlining of HRM practices. Research can lead to an increased understanding of an improvement in HRM practices. It can provide insights for managers as they attempt to increase employee productivity and satisfaction while reducing absences and turnover. Research can also identify potential problem areas related to HRM. Industry background The golden beginning of tea plantation in Nepal dates back to the year 1863, with the first tea processing factory was established in the year 1878, in Ilam Tea Estate. In 1959 Budhkaran Tea Estate was established at Jhapa which was the first tea estate in private sector. Soon after this venture, Satighatta, Nakkalbanda, Mittal, Giribandhu Tea Estates and Himalaya Tea Garden were established. The establishment of Nepal Tea Development Corporation (NTDC) in 1966 is considered to be a landmark to augment the tea cultivation. Generally, two types of tea orthodox and CTC (Crush, tear and curl) are produced in Nepal. At present, there are 128 tea estates and 45 tea processing factories as registered in NTCDB. Basing on the previous statistical figure of total tea plantation area of 16420 hectares, and multiplying by 2.47 persons per hectare, it is estimated that about 41000 people are employed in tea industry of Nepal Tea industry which is considered as the backbone of national economy of Nepal but there has not yet been any specific research conducted in HRM in tea industry of Nepal. So, in view of the poor research-based on HRM and the lack of knowledge existing in this field, the research work is virtually called for the streamlining of HRM practices. Research can lead to an increased understanding of an improvement in HRM practices. It will provide insights for managers as they attempt to increase employee productivity and satisfaction while reducing absences and turnover. Research aim, research questions or hypothesis and objectives Research aim: The research aims is to investigate the employee performance appraisal system in an organization. Research question Is the performance appraisal practice key to pay rise, training and development, promotion or termination of the employee in the tea industry of Nepal? Research objectives The specific objectives of this study are: 1. To examine how employee performance is appraised in an organization. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of performance appraisal system in the organization. 3. To analyze the relationship between performance appraisal and the factors like pay rise, training and development, promotion or termination of employee in an organization. Research Methodology The research philosophy applied for this research project will be phenomenological instead of positivist philosophy and the researcher will analyse and explain the purpose of research through the qualitative methods. 4.1. Research Philosophies: Positivism and Phenomenology Phenomenology as a philosophy, propounded by Edmund Husserl in the 20th century which is concerned with the systematic analyses and reflection of consciousness, structures and phenomena as it approaches in the act of consciousness. The reflection in the phenomenological philosophy is to be done through the first person viewpoint which is highly modified first person. According to Saunders et al. (2000) explained the significant differences between these two approaches of research which is very useful for this study to make concise choice. Regarding the worldview Saunders et al say that phenomenology describes world is subjective which is socially constructed whereas Positivism philosophy says that the world is objective and external. In terms of their basic beliefs they further say that positivism define that the observer is independent in his or her observation, converse to this, phenomenological view says that the observer cant be isolated from what is being observed rather than th e observer is a part of what is being observed. In positivism Science is taken as free of value contrary phenomenological philosophy takes the human interest in science. Phenomenology view says that human interest is to colour the science. Taking into consideration of research nature the research the researcher finds phenomenological philosophy opt for this study. Collis and Hussey (2003) says that phenomenological research provides qualitative data which is well matched with this research, as the qualitative data by its nature is subjective and rich because there is a significant level of participation of the researcher. Besides these facts, the research setting is the commercial organization which is natural setting rather than laboratory setting of the positivistic philosophy. 4.2. Qualitative and Quantitative Research Mainly there are mainly two kinds of research where researcher can apply any one of them or mix both qualitative and quantitative as per their demand of the research topic. In this study, researcher will use qualitative approach with the definition of Collis and Hussey (2003) who says, qualitative research as an approach of study which is subjective and tries to explore and understand the social and human activities which includes reflection and examination on perceptions. Performance appraisal as such is a subjective in nature which is related to the study of human behaviour with a fixed organizational setting. Inductive and Deductive Research The choice between two methods of research as inductive and deductive is also depends on the nature of the study. The deductive research which begins with theory and later tested through empirical observation. In this study, inductive approach will be used where researcher moves from the particular to general. 4.4 Source of Data In the initial phase of investigation, a comprehensive study of various relevant materials books, reports, research works etc. will be done. Both the primary sources and secondary sources of data collection tools will be applied. While collecting data from primary sources, multi-data collecting method i.e. triangulation method will be applied. The researcher will prepare the questionnaires that elicit the facts regarding the personal appraisal system in the organization. In the second phase, the researcher will visit the different tea states with semi structure interview schedules, design to get information on what was being done and how was it being done relating to various aspects of employee performance and appraisal process. Then after first field study, he will construct some research questions regarding to structure interview for pilot study. So, at last with the help of pilot study he will fully prepare research question for structure interview for different employee as worke rs, managers and assistant. The researcher thinks that collecting data from different methods helps the researcher understand the phenomenon more deeply and increases the reliability and validity of the data. The secondary data will be collected from various published and unpublished reports, records and documents of Central Bureau of Statistics, Labor Department / Office, Center for Economic Development and Administration of TU, Nepal Tea and Coffee Development Board, Agro Enterprise Center under Federation of Nepal Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Data will also be collected from publications of different national and international institutions, research works, books and relevant articles published in different journals, magazines and newspapers etc. and will review for obtaining necessary information. 4.5. Sampling Procedure: The sampling method for selecting the tea estates will be judgmental sampling. The tea estates for this study will select mainly on the basis of their size of plantation, number of employees, and production performance of the companies representing both corporate and private sector, and hilly as well as Terai region. For this study, five leading tea estates having their own processing factories will be selected comprising two tea estates from corporate sector, namely Kanyam tea state from hilly area of Ilam and Tokala from Jhapa district. On the other hand three tea estates from the private sector, namely, Budhkaran, Satighatta and Giribhandhu will be chosen from Jhapa district. Five employees from different level of each estate will be considered as a sample. So sample of this study will be 30. Analysis of Data: After the collection of data from both primary and secondary sources most of the processing work, tabulation and calculations will be conducted manually in the beginning. Data will classify into different groups and finally they will be presented in tabular forms. Similarly, the respondents views and opinions will be analyzed in terms of different levels of employees such as managers / officers, assistants and laborers. The analyses of data will be made with the help of relevant statistical tools such as simple average, percentage and chi-square tests. For computation and statistical analysis electronic scientific calculator and computer will be used. Research ethics While conducting the research we requires certain disciplines .It embodies certain goals and norms which the researcher need to maintain coordination between the actions or activities they applied and maintain which establish the public trust of the discipline. Ethical standard helps the researcher to maintain knowledge and truth to minimise the error. It is essential to avoid misrepresentation, fabrication, and falsification of data. Some ethical issues as honesty, integrity, objectivity, carefulness, openness will be carefully considered while conducting the research. . This study will reveal a clear picture about the existing state of HRM practices in tea industry. The outcome of the study may serve as a research infrastructure on which further researches can be built. And the information and conclusions derived from this study may be useful and helpful for practicing managers, as well as planners, policy makers and other agencies concerned, through better understanding of HRM practices relating to tea industry. Thus, it is a modest attempt towards examining and understanding HRM practices in tea industry of Nepal. Also, researcher has a good taste of knowledge and highly interested about tea industry of Nepal from the very beginning. So the research topic will be significance for researcher. Human resource is the most important resource in an underdeveloped country like Nepal which can be mobilized or managed for the overall development of the country. But in practice, very little attention has been given to the management of human resources in any organizational setting. Consequently Nepalese industries have been facing various HR problems such as low employee-morale, low productivity and greater tension between labor and management. Timescale After the proposal has been accepted by the University of Wales the following time line will be followed to complete the research work: Figure 2. Gantt chart: Months and weeks→ Activities ↓ April Weeks↓ May Weeks↓ June Weeks↓ July Weeks↓ 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Read literature Conform objectives Draft literature review Field survey with semi structure interview schedule Research question for structure interview for pilot study Pilot study of interview Prepare research question for final interview Conduct final interview with employee and fill up questionnaire Tabulation of raw data Analysis . Writing thesis Deadline à ¢Ã…’Å ¡ Resources Both primary and secondary sources will be used in the study. In the initial phase of investigation, a comprehensive study of various relevant materials books, reports, research works etc. will be done. The secondary data for this study will be used from previous research works, books and relevant articles published in different journals, magazines and newspapers etc. In the first stage of primary data , the tea estates were visited with the semi-structured interview schedules design to get information on what was being done and how was it being done. With that information from first visit, more reliable semi structure interview will be designed and piloted with 7 non-sampled employees of different levels such as managers, assistants and workers. Finally, revise structure interview schedules will be construct and administer to the 25 sample employees with different level.

Antioxidants and Skin Care Essay -- Dermatology Beauty Health Essays

Antioxidants and Skin Care Aging is a natural process of life. However, retailers today are publicizing that their products can reduce or even eliminate the signs of aging. Many cosmetic companies advertise age-defying makeup, which they claim will erase the wrinkles on the skin and produce a newer, fresher look. The most recent age-defying product on the market is antioxidants. Claiming that their products will diminish the signs of aging, companies sell volumes of antioxidants to consumers. Their claims offer the controversial questions: Can a drug stop the effects of aging? How many capsules does it take to eliminate facial wrinkles? Are these pills simply placebos? Outline Antioxidants and free radicals How Do Antioxidants Work? Claims about Antioxidant Products The Scientific Foundation of Antioxidants Antioxidants - The Real Hype What Should You Do? Advice for the Consumer References Antioxidants and Free Radicals What are Antioxidants? Antioxidants are chemicals that protect cells by neutralizing external forces (such as damage from the sun, pollution, wind, and temperature) and internal factors (for example, emotions, metabolism, and the presence of excess oxygen). Common antioxidants are Vitamins A, C, E, and beta carotene. These special chemicals assist in skin repair and the strengthening of blood vessels. Why do we need them? Antioxidants are necessary because they combat free radicals. Free radicals are byproducts that are formed when oxygen is used by the body (http://ificinfo.health.org/antidox.htm) . Free radicals start a chain reaction under the skin's surface, and outlined below is the process of destruction. They have an unpaired electron in their outer orbital... ...ll, B. (1994) Antioxidants in nutrition, health, and disease. 120- 124. Halliwell, B. (1996). Vitamin C: Antioxidant or Pro-oxidant in vivo? Free Radical Research, 25, 439-454. Mares-Perlman, J., Klein, R., Klein, B., Greger, J., Brady, W., Palta, M., Ritter, L. (1996). Association of zinc and antioxidant nutrients with age-related maculopathy. Archives of Ophthalmolgy, 114, 991-997. Rice - Evans, C., Burdon, R. (1994). Free radical damage and its control. 14-19. Shear, N., Malkiewicz, I., Klein, D., Koren, G., Randor, S., Neuman, M. (1995). Acetaminophen-induced toxicity to human epidermoid cell line A431 is diminished by silymarin. Skin Pharmacology, 8, 279-291. Takema, Y., Yorimoto, Y., Kawai, M., Imokawa, G. (1994). Age-related changes in the elastic properties and thickness of human facial skin. British Journal of Dermatology, 131, 641-648. Antioxidants and Skin Care Essay -- Dermatology Beauty Health Essays Antioxidants and Skin Care Aging is a natural process of life. However, retailers today are publicizing that their products can reduce or even eliminate the signs of aging. Many cosmetic companies advertise age-defying makeup, which they claim will erase the wrinkles on the skin and produce a newer, fresher look. The most recent age-defying product on the market is antioxidants. Claiming that their products will diminish the signs of aging, companies sell volumes of antioxidants to consumers. Their claims offer the controversial questions: Can a drug stop the effects of aging? How many capsules does it take to eliminate facial wrinkles? Are these pills simply placebos? Outline Antioxidants and free radicals How Do Antioxidants Work? Claims about Antioxidant Products The Scientific Foundation of Antioxidants Antioxidants - The Real Hype What Should You Do? Advice for the Consumer References Antioxidants and Free Radicals What are Antioxidants? Antioxidants are chemicals that protect cells by neutralizing external forces (such as damage from the sun, pollution, wind, and temperature) and internal factors (for example, emotions, metabolism, and the presence of excess oxygen). Common antioxidants are Vitamins A, C, E, and beta carotene. These special chemicals assist in skin repair and the strengthening of blood vessels. Why do we need them? Antioxidants are necessary because they combat free radicals. Free radicals are byproducts that are formed when oxygen is used by the body (http://ificinfo.health.org/antidox.htm) . Free radicals start a chain reaction under the skin's surface, and outlined below is the process of destruction. They have an unpaired electron in their outer orbital... ...ll, B. (1994) Antioxidants in nutrition, health, and disease. 120- 124. Halliwell, B. (1996). Vitamin C: Antioxidant or Pro-oxidant in vivo? Free Radical Research, 25, 439-454. Mares-Perlman, J., Klein, R., Klein, B., Greger, J., Brady, W., Palta, M., Ritter, L. (1996). Association of zinc and antioxidant nutrients with age-related maculopathy. Archives of Ophthalmolgy, 114, 991-997. Rice - Evans, C., Burdon, R. (1994). Free radical damage and its control. 14-19. Shear, N., Malkiewicz, I., Klein, D., Koren, G., Randor, S., Neuman, M. (1995). Acetaminophen-induced toxicity to human epidermoid cell line A431 is diminished by silymarin. Skin Pharmacology, 8, 279-291. Takema, Y., Yorimoto, Y., Kawai, M., Imokawa, G. (1994). Age-related changes in the elastic properties and thickness of human facial skin. British Journal of Dermatology, 131, 641-648.